Hoàng Xuân Hùng
(xuanhung)
New Member
biết vì nó là bạn của bạn em mờ)
=))=))=)) đấy nhớ thằng nam béo....mày còn bảo em ý sinh năm 80 đi =))
~~~>Đất lành ĐỊA đậu <~~~ :)
- Bắt đầu xuanhung
- Ngày bắt đầu
Hoàng Xuân Hùng
=))=))=)) đấy nhớ thằng nam béo....mày còn bảo em ý sinh năm 80 đi =))
Phạm Xuân Nam
(superchicken)
New Member
ơ thế 91 ko làm bạn được với 80 à) ngu kinh)
nói chung là tao ko thấy xinh.già quá kể cả có 91 thì cũng thế thôi
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< đây mới là)
) ngu kinh)nói chung là tao ko thấy xinh.già quá kể cả có 91 thì cũng thế thôi
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< đây mới là
)
Trịnh Thu Thảo
(trịnh thu thảo)
New Member
Australia
History
The first inhabitants of Australia were the Aborigines, who migrated there at least 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. There may have been between a half million to a full million Aborigines at the time of European settlement; today about 350,000 live in Australia.
Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish ships sighted Australia in the 17th century; the Dutch landed at the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606. In 1616 the territory became known as New Holland. The British arrived in 1688, but it was not until Captain James Cook's voyage in 1770 that Great Britain claimed possession of the vast island, calling it New South Wales. A British penal colony was set up at Port Jackson (what is now Sydney) in 1788, and about 161,000 transported English convicts were settled there until the system was suspended in 1839.
Free settlers and former prisoners established six colonies: New South Wales (1786), Tasmania (then Van Diemen's Land) (1825), Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1834), Victoria (1851), and Queensland (1859). Various gold rushes attracted settlers, as did the mining of other minerals. Sheep farming and grain soon grew into important economic enterprises. The six colonies became states and in 1901 federated into the Commonwealth of Australia with a constitution that incorporated British parliamentary and U.S. federal traditions. Australia became known for its liberal legislation: free compulsory education, protected trade unionism with industrial conciliation and arbitration, the secret ballot, women's suffrage, maternity allowances, and sickness and old-age pensions.
Australia fought alongside Britain in World War I, notably with the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) in the Dardanelles campaign (1915). Participation in World War II helped Australia forge closer ties to the United States. Parliamentary power in the second half of the 20th century shifted between three political parties: the Australian Labour Party, the Liberal Party, and the National Party. Australia relaxed its discriminatory immigration laws in the 1960s and 1970s, which favored Northern Europeans. Thereafter, about 40% of its immigrants came from Asia, diversifying a population that was predominantly of English and Irish heritage. An Aboriginal movement that grew in the 1960s gained full citizenship and improved education for the country's poorest socioeconomic group.
In March 1996, the opposition Liberal Party–National Party coalition easily won the national elections, removing the Labour Party after 13 years in power. Pressure from the new, conservative One Nation Party threatened to reduce the gains made by Aborigines and to limit immigration.
In Sept. 1999, Australia led the international peacekeeping force sent to restore order in East Timor after pro-Indonesian militias began massacring civilians to thwart East Timor's referendum on independence.
States and territories
Australia has six states, two major mainland territories, and other minor territories. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia.The two major mainland territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). In most respects the territories function like the states, but the Commonwealth Parliament can override any legislation of their parliaments. By contrast, federal legislation only overrides state legislation in certain areas that are set out in Section 51 of the Australian Constitution; state parliaments retain all residual legislative powers, including powers over hospitals, education, police, the judiciary, roads, public transport, and local government.
Each state and territory has its own legislature or parliament: unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT, and Queensland, and bicameral in the remaining states. The states are sovereign, though subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower house is known as the Legislative Assembly (House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania) and the upper house is known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier, and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a Governor; an Administrator in the Northern Territory, and the Australian Governor-General in the ACT, have analogous roles.
Australia also has several minor territories; the federal government administers a separate area within New South Wales, the Jervis Bay Territory, as a naval base and sea port for the national capital. In addition Australia has the following inhabited external territories: Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and several largely uninhabited external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and the Australian Antarctic Territory.
Geography
Climatic zones in Australia, based on Köppen classification.
Australia's landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi)] is on the Indo-Australian Plate. Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, Australia is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas. Australia has 34,218 kilometres (21,262 mi) of coastline (excluding all offshore islands)[31] and claims an extensive exclusive economic zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory.
The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the northeast coast and extends for over 2,000 kilometres (1,240 mi). Mount Augustus, claimed to be the world's largest monolith is located in Western Australia. At 2,228 metres (7,310 ft), Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland, although Mawson Peak on the remote Australian territory of Heard Island is taller at 2,745 metres (9,006 ft).
By far the largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid lands commonly known as the outback. Australia is the flattest continent, with the oldest and least fertile soils, and is the driest inhabited continent. Only the southeast and southwest corners of the continent have a temperate climate. Most of the population lives along the temperate southeastern coastline. The landscapes of the northern part of the country, with a tropical climate, consist of rainforest, woodland, grassland, mangrove swamps, and desert. The climate is significantly influenced by ocean currents, including the El Niño southern oscillation, which is correlated with periodic drought, and the seasonal tropical low pressure system that produces cyclones in northern Australia
Climate change has become an increasing concern in Australia in recent years. Rainfall in Australia has increased over the past century, both nationwide and for all four quadrants of the nation. Despite this beneficial effect of Climate Change, Water restrictions are currently in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages resulting from urban population increases and localised drought.
Ecology
The koala and the eucalyptus forming an iconic Australian pair.
Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it includes a diverse range of habitats, from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests and is recognised as a megadiverse country. Because of the continent's great age (and consequent low levels of fertility), its extremely variable weather patterns, and its long-term geographic isolation, much of Australia's biota is unique and diverse. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic. Australia has the greatest number of reptiles of any country, with 755 species. Many of Australia's ecoregions, and the species within those regions, are threatened by human activities and introduced plant and animal species. The federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is a legal framework for the protection of threatened species. Numerous protected areas have been created under the national Biodiversity Action Plan to protect and preserve unique ecosystems; 64 wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention, and 16 World Heritage Sites have been established. Australia was ranked 13th in the world on the 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index. Australian forests often contain a wide variety of eucalyptus trees and are mostly located in higher rainfall regions.
Most Australian woody plant species are evergreen and many are adapted to fire and drought, including many eucalypts and acacias. Australia has a rich variety of endemic legume species that thrive in nutrient-poor soils because of their symbiosis with Rhizobia bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Among well-known Australian fauna are the monotremes (the platypus and the echidna); a host of marsupials, including the kangaroo, the koala, and the wombat; the saltwater and freshwater crocodiles; and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra. Australia is home to the largest number of venomous snakes in the world.[] The dingo was introduced by Austronesian people who traded with Indigenous Australians around 3000 BCE. Many plant and animal species became extinct soon after first human settlement, including the Australian megafauna; others have become extinct since European settlement, among them the Thylacine.
Economy
The Super Pit in Kalgoorlie, Australia's largest open cut gold mine.
The Australian dollar is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. The Australian Securities Exchange and the Sydney Futures Exchange are the largest stock exchanges in Australia.
Australia is one of the most laissez-faire capitalist economies according to indices of economic freedom. Australia's per-capita GDP is slightly higher than that of the UK, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. The country was ranked third in the United Nations 2007 Human Development Index, first in the 2008 Prosperity Index, and sixth in The Economist worldwide Quality-of-Life Index 2005. Australia also broke a record in 2008 when four of its major cities ranked in the top ten of The Economist's World's Most Livable Cities list, with Melbourne coming in at 2nd, Perth at 4th, Adelaide at 7th, and Sydney at 9th. The emphasis on exporting commodities rather than manufactures has underpinned a significant increase in Australia's terms of trade during the rise in commodity prices since the start of the century. Australia's balance of payments is more than 7% of GDP negative: Australia has had persistently large current account deficits for more than 50 years. Australia has grown at an average annual rate of 3.6% for over 15 years, a period in which the OECD annual average was 2.5%.
The Hawke Government floated the Australian dollar in 1983 and partially deregulated the financial system. The Howard government followed with a partial deregulation of the labour market and the further privatisation of state-owned businesses, most notably in the telecommunications industry. The indirect tax system was substantially changed in July 2000 with the introduction of a 10% Goods and Services Tax (GST), which has slightly reduced the reliance on personal and company income tax that characterises Australia's tax system.
In January 2007, there were 10,033,480 people employed, with an unemployment rate of 4.6%. Over the past decade, inflation has typically been 2–3% and the base interest rate 5–6%. The service sector of the economy, including tourism, education and financial services, constitutes 69% of GDP.[49] Although Agriculture and natural resources constitute only 3% and 5% of GDP, respectively, they contribute substantially to export performance. Australia's largest export markets are Japan, China, the US, South Korea and New Zealand.
Culture
The Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne was the first building in Australia to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.
Since 1788, the primary basis of Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic, although distinctive Australian features soon arose from the country's natural environment and the indigenous cultures. Since the mid twentieth century, Australian culture has been strongly influenced by American popular culture (particularly television and cinema), large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking countries and Australia's Asian neighbours.
Sunlight Sweet by Australian landscape artist Sir Arthur Streeton.
Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave and bark paintings of its indigenous peoples. From the time of European settlement, a common theme in Australian art has been the Australian landscape, seen for example in the works of Arthur Streeton, Arthur Boyd, and Albert Namatjira. The traditions of indigenous Australians are largely transmitted orally and are closely tied to ceremony and the telling of the stories of the Dreamtime. Australian Aboriginal music, dance, and art have a palpable influence on contemporary Australian visual and performing arts, with indigenous Australian artists such as Emily Kngwarreye and Gordon Bennett continuing to evolve the traditional art forms of the Aboriginies. The National Gallery of Australia and the various state art galleries have strong collections of Australian and overseas artworks and are highly attended by Australians. In the 20th century and beginning of the 21st, the Australian landscape remains one of the greatest sources of inspiration for Australian modernist artists, and has been depicted in highly acclaimed and innovative works by well-known artists Sidney Nolan, Grace Cossington Smith, Fred Williams and Clifton Pugh, among others.
Australia has an active tradition of music, ballet, and theatre; many of its performing arts companies receive public funding through the federal government's Australia Council. There is a symphony orchestra in each state's capital city, and a national opera company, Opera Australia, first made prominent by the renowned diva Dame Joan Sutherland. Dame Nellie Melba was her great predecessor. Australian music covers vast ground in classical, jazz, the avant-garde and many popular genres. Australian musicians of international repute include rock bands AC/DC and Silverchair, and singer songwriters Nick Cave and Lisa Gerrard. Australian pop stars such as Olivia Newton-John and Kylie Minogue have become global celebrities. Ballet and dance are also represented across the nation by The Australian Ballet and various state dance companies. Sir Robert Helpmann is considered one of Australia's greatest dancers and has been followed by numerous others including the current artistic director of the Australian Ballet, David McAllister. Each state has a publicly funded theatre company. Australia has had a prosperous cinema industry since the 1960s and the ensuing New Wave of Australian cinema, although its history extends back to the early 20th century with the release of the 1906 The Story of the Kelly Gang, a 70 minute recount of the Australian folk hero Ned Kelly, which is generally regarded as the world's first feature length film. Other famous films include Mad Max, Gallipoli, Shine, Rabbit-Proof Fence and Happy Feet. Australia's diverse landscapes and cities have served as primary locations for many other films, such as The Matrix, Peter Pan, Superman Returns and Finding Nemo. Australian produced actors include Nicole Kidman, Errol Flynn, Hugh Jackman, Heath Ledger, Russell Crowe, Toni Collette, Naomi Watts and the current joint director of the Sydney Theatre Company, Cate Blanchett.
Australian literature has also been influenced by the landscape; the works of writers such as Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson and Dorothea Mackellar captured the experience of the Australian bush. The character of colonial Australia, as embodied in early literature, resonates with modern Australia and its perceived emphasis on egalitarianism, mateship, and a perceived anti-authoritarianism. In 1973, Patrick White was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the only Australian to have achieved this; he is recognised as one of the great English-language writers of the 20th century. Colleen McCullough David Williamson and David Malouf are also writers of great renown. Australian English is a major variety of the language; its grammar and spelling are largely based on those of British English, overlaid with a rich vernacular of unique lexical items and phrases, some of which have found their way into standard English. Australian English has much less internal dialectal variation than either British or American English although pronunciation of words and word usage can vary amongst regions.
Australia has two public broadcasters (the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the multicultural Special Broadcasting Service), three commercial television networks, several pay-TV services, and numerous public, non-profit television and radio stations. Each major city has daily newspapers, and there are two national daily newspapers, The Australian and The Australian Financial Review. According to Reporters Without Borders in 2007, Australia was in 28th position on a list of countries ranked by press freedom, behind New Zealand (15th) and the United Kingdom (24th) but ahead of the United States (48th). This low ranking is primarily because of the limited diversity of commercial media ownership in Australia; in particular, most Australian print media are under the control of News Corporation and John Fairfax Holdings.
Sports
Australian rules football originated in Victoria and is the most popular sport.
Sport plays an important part in Australian culture, assisted by a climate that favours outdoor activities; 23.5% Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organised sporting activities. At an international level, Australia has strong teams in cricket, field hockey, netball, rugby league, and rugby union, and it performs well in cycling, rowing, and swimming. Nationally, other popular sports include Australian rules football, horse racing, soccer, and motor racing. Australia has participated in every summer Olympic Games of the modern era, and every Commonwealth Games. Australia hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and has ranked among the top six medal-takers since 2000. Australia has also hosted the 1938, 1962, 1982, and 2006 Commonwealth Games. Other major international events held in Australia include the Grand Slam Australian Open tennis tournament, international cricket matches, and the Formula One Australian Grand Prix. Viewing televised sport is popular; the highest-rating television programs include the summer Olympic Games and the grand finals of local and international football (various codes) competitions.
History
The first inhabitants of Australia were the Aborigines, who migrated there at least 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. There may have been between a half million to a full million Aborigines at the time of European settlement; today about 350,000 live in Australia.
Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish ships sighted Australia in the 17th century; the Dutch landed at the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606. In 1616 the territory became known as New Holland. The British arrived in 1688, but it was not until Captain James Cook's voyage in 1770 that Great Britain claimed possession of the vast island, calling it New South Wales. A British penal colony was set up at Port Jackson (what is now Sydney) in 1788, and about 161,000 transported English convicts were settled there until the system was suspended in 1839.
Free settlers and former prisoners established six colonies: New South Wales (1786), Tasmania (then Van Diemen's Land) (1825), Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1834), Victoria (1851), and Queensland (1859). Various gold rushes attracted settlers, as did the mining of other minerals. Sheep farming and grain soon grew into important economic enterprises. The six colonies became states and in 1901 federated into the Commonwealth of Australia with a constitution that incorporated British parliamentary and U.S. federal traditions. Australia became known for its liberal legislation: free compulsory education, protected trade unionism with industrial conciliation and arbitration, the secret ballot, women's suffrage, maternity allowances, and sickness and old-age pensions.
Australia fought alongside Britain in World War I, notably with the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) in the Dardanelles campaign (1915). Participation in World War II helped Australia forge closer ties to the United States. Parliamentary power in the second half of the 20th century shifted between three political parties: the Australian Labour Party, the Liberal Party, and the National Party. Australia relaxed its discriminatory immigration laws in the 1960s and 1970s, which favored Northern Europeans. Thereafter, about 40% of its immigrants came from Asia, diversifying a population that was predominantly of English and Irish heritage. An Aboriginal movement that grew in the 1960s gained full citizenship and improved education for the country's poorest socioeconomic group.
In March 1996, the opposition Liberal Party–National Party coalition easily won the national elections, removing the Labour Party after 13 years in power. Pressure from the new, conservative One Nation Party threatened to reduce the gains made by Aborigines and to limit immigration.
In Sept. 1999, Australia led the international peacekeeping force sent to restore order in East Timor after pro-Indonesian militias began massacring civilians to thwart East Timor's referendum on independence.
States and territories
Australia has six states, two major mainland territories, and other minor territories. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia.The two major mainland territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). In most respects the territories function like the states, but the Commonwealth Parliament can override any legislation of their parliaments. By contrast, federal legislation only overrides state legislation in certain areas that are set out in Section 51 of the Australian Constitution; state parliaments retain all residual legislative powers, including powers over hospitals, education, police, the judiciary, roads, public transport, and local government.
Each state and territory has its own legislature or parliament: unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT, and Queensland, and bicameral in the remaining states. The states are sovereign, though subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower house is known as the Legislative Assembly (House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania) and the upper house is known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier, and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a Governor; an Administrator in the Northern Territory, and the Australian Governor-General in the ACT, have analogous roles.
Australia also has several minor territories; the federal government administers a separate area within New South Wales, the Jervis Bay Territory, as a naval base and sea port for the national capital. In addition Australia has the following inhabited external territories: Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and several largely uninhabited external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and the Australian Antarctic Territory.
Geography
Climatic zones in Australia, based on Köppen classification.
Australia's landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi)] is on the Indo-Australian Plate. Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, Australia is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas. Australia has 34,218 kilometres (21,262 mi) of coastline (excluding all offshore islands)[31] and claims an extensive exclusive economic zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory.
The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the northeast coast and extends for over 2,000 kilometres (1,240 mi). Mount Augustus, claimed to be the world's largest monolith is located in Western Australia. At 2,228 metres (7,310 ft), Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland, although Mawson Peak on the remote Australian territory of Heard Island is taller at 2,745 metres (9,006 ft).
By far the largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid lands commonly known as the outback. Australia is the flattest continent, with the oldest and least fertile soils, and is the driest inhabited continent. Only the southeast and southwest corners of the continent have a temperate climate. Most of the population lives along the temperate southeastern coastline. The landscapes of the northern part of the country, with a tropical climate, consist of rainforest, woodland, grassland, mangrove swamps, and desert. The climate is significantly influenced by ocean currents, including the El Niño southern oscillation, which is correlated with periodic drought, and the seasonal tropical low pressure system that produces cyclones in northern Australia
Climate change has become an increasing concern in Australia in recent years. Rainfall in Australia has increased over the past century, both nationwide and for all four quadrants of the nation. Despite this beneficial effect of Climate Change, Water restrictions are currently in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages resulting from urban population increases and localised drought.
Ecology
The koala and the eucalyptus forming an iconic Australian pair.
Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it includes a diverse range of habitats, from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests and is recognised as a megadiverse country. Because of the continent's great age (and consequent low levels of fertility), its extremely variable weather patterns, and its long-term geographic isolation, much of Australia's biota is unique and diverse. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic. Australia has the greatest number of reptiles of any country, with 755 species. Many of Australia's ecoregions, and the species within those regions, are threatened by human activities and introduced plant and animal species. The federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is a legal framework for the protection of threatened species. Numerous protected areas have been created under the national Biodiversity Action Plan to protect and preserve unique ecosystems; 64 wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention, and 16 World Heritage Sites have been established. Australia was ranked 13th in the world on the 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index. Australian forests often contain a wide variety of eucalyptus trees and are mostly located in higher rainfall regions.
Most Australian woody plant species are evergreen and many are adapted to fire and drought, including many eucalypts and acacias. Australia has a rich variety of endemic legume species that thrive in nutrient-poor soils because of their symbiosis with Rhizobia bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Among well-known Australian fauna are the monotremes (the platypus and the echidna); a host of marsupials, including the kangaroo, the koala, and the wombat; the saltwater and freshwater crocodiles; and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra. Australia is home to the largest number of venomous snakes in the world.[] The dingo was introduced by Austronesian people who traded with Indigenous Australians around 3000 BCE. Many plant and animal species became extinct soon after first human settlement, including the Australian megafauna; others have become extinct since European settlement, among them the Thylacine.
Economy
The Super Pit in Kalgoorlie, Australia's largest open cut gold mine.
The Australian dollar is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. The Australian Securities Exchange and the Sydney Futures Exchange are the largest stock exchanges in Australia.
Australia is one of the most laissez-faire capitalist economies according to indices of economic freedom. Australia's per-capita GDP is slightly higher than that of the UK, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. The country was ranked third in the United Nations 2007 Human Development Index, first in the 2008 Prosperity Index, and sixth in The Economist worldwide Quality-of-Life Index 2005. Australia also broke a record in 2008 when four of its major cities ranked in the top ten of The Economist's World's Most Livable Cities list, with Melbourne coming in at 2nd, Perth at 4th, Adelaide at 7th, and Sydney at 9th. The emphasis on exporting commodities rather than manufactures has underpinned a significant increase in Australia's terms of trade during the rise in commodity prices since the start of the century. Australia's balance of payments is more than 7% of GDP negative: Australia has had persistently large current account deficits for more than 50 years. Australia has grown at an average annual rate of 3.6% for over 15 years, a period in which the OECD annual average was 2.5%.
The Hawke Government floated the Australian dollar in 1983 and partially deregulated the financial system. The Howard government followed with a partial deregulation of the labour market and the further privatisation of state-owned businesses, most notably in the telecommunications industry. The indirect tax system was substantially changed in July 2000 with the introduction of a 10% Goods and Services Tax (GST), which has slightly reduced the reliance on personal and company income tax that characterises Australia's tax system.
In January 2007, there were 10,033,480 people employed, with an unemployment rate of 4.6%. Over the past decade, inflation has typically been 2–3% and the base interest rate 5–6%. The service sector of the economy, including tourism, education and financial services, constitutes 69% of GDP.[49] Although Agriculture and natural resources constitute only 3% and 5% of GDP, respectively, they contribute substantially to export performance. Australia's largest export markets are Japan, China, the US, South Korea and New Zealand.
Culture
The Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne was the first building in Australia to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.
Since 1788, the primary basis of Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic, although distinctive Australian features soon arose from the country's natural environment and the indigenous cultures. Since the mid twentieth century, Australian culture has been strongly influenced by American popular culture (particularly television and cinema), large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking countries and Australia's Asian neighbours.
Sunlight Sweet by Australian landscape artist Sir Arthur Streeton.
Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave and bark paintings of its indigenous peoples. From the time of European settlement, a common theme in Australian art has been the Australian landscape, seen for example in the works of Arthur Streeton, Arthur Boyd, and Albert Namatjira. The traditions of indigenous Australians are largely transmitted orally and are closely tied to ceremony and the telling of the stories of the Dreamtime. Australian Aboriginal music, dance, and art have a palpable influence on contemporary Australian visual and performing arts, with indigenous Australian artists such as Emily Kngwarreye and Gordon Bennett continuing to evolve the traditional art forms of the Aboriginies. The National Gallery of Australia and the various state art galleries have strong collections of Australian and overseas artworks and are highly attended by Australians. In the 20th century and beginning of the 21st, the Australian landscape remains one of the greatest sources of inspiration for Australian modernist artists, and has been depicted in highly acclaimed and innovative works by well-known artists Sidney Nolan, Grace Cossington Smith, Fred Williams and Clifton Pugh, among others.
Australia has an active tradition of music, ballet, and theatre; many of its performing arts companies receive public funding through the federal government's Australia Council. There is a symphony orchestra in each state's capital city, and a national opera company, Opera Australia, first made prominent by the renowned diva Dame Joan Sutherland. Dame Nellie Melba was her great predecessor. Australian music covers vast ground in classical, jazz, the avant-garde and many popular genres. Australian musicians of international repute include rock bands AC/DC and Silverchair, and singer songwriters Nick Cave and Lisa Gerrard. Australian pop stars such as Olivia Newton-John and Kylie Minogue have become global celebrities. Ballet and dance are also represented across the nation by The Australian Ballet and various state dance companies. Sir Robert Helpmann is considered one of Australia's greatest dancers and has been followed by numerous others including the current artistic director of the Australian Ballet, David McAllister. Each state has a publicly funded theatre company. Australia has had a prosperous cinema industry since the 1960s and the ensuing New Wave of Australian cinema, although its history extends back to the early 20th century with the release of the 1906 The Story of the Kelly Gang, a 70 minute recount of the Australian folk hero Ned Kelly, which is generally regarded as the world's first feature length film. Other famous films include Mad Max, Gallipoli, Shine, Rabbit-Proof Fence and Happy Feet. Australia's diverse landscapes and cities have served as primary locations for many other films, such as The Matrix, Peter Pan, Superman Returns and Finding Nemo. Australian produced actors include Nicole Kidman, Errol Flynn, Hugh Jackman, Heath Ledger, Russell Crowe, Toni Collette, Naomi Watts and the current joint director of the Sydney Theatre Company, Cate Blanchett.
Australian literature has also been influenced by the landscape; the works of writers such as Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson and Dorothea Mackellar captured the experience of the Australian bush. The character of colonial Australia, as embodied in early literature, resonates with modern Australia and its perceived emphasis on egalitarianism, mateship, and a perceived anti-authoritarianism. In 1973, Patrick White was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the only Australian to have achieved this; he is recognised as one of the great English-language writers of the 20th century. Colleen McCullough David Williamson and David Malouf are also writers of great renown. Australian English is a major variety of the language; its grammar and spelling are largely based on those of British English, overlaid with a rich vernacular of unique lexical items and phrases, some of which have found their way into standard English. Australian English has much less internal dialectal variation than either British or American English although pronunciation of words and word usage can vary amongst regions.
Australia has two public broadcasters (the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the multicultural Special Broadcasting Service), three commercial television networks, several pay-TV services, and numerous public, non-profit television and radio stations. Each major city has daily newspapers, and there are two national daily newspapers, The Australian and The Australian Financial Review. According to Reporters Without Borders in 2007, Australia was in 28th position on a list of countries ranked by press freedom, behind New Zealand (15th) and the United Kingdom (24th) but ahead of the United States (48th). This low ranking is primarily because of the limited diversity of commercial media ownership in Australia; in particular, most Australian print media are under the control of News Corporation and John Fairfax Holdings.
Sports
Australian rules football originated in Victoria and is the most popular sport.
Sport plays an important part in Australian culture, assisted by a climate that favours outdoor activities; 23.5% Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organised sporting activities. At an international level, Australia has strong teams in cricket, field hockey, netball, rugby league, and rugby union, and it performs well in cycling, rowing, and swimming. Nationally, other popular sports include Australian rules football, horse racing, soccer, and motor racing. Australia has participated in every summer Olympic Games of the modern era, and every Commonwealth Games. Australia hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and has ranked among the top six medal-takers since 2000. Australia has also hosted the 1938, 1962, 1982, and 2006 Commonwealth Games. Other major international events held in Australia include the Grand Slam Australian Open tennis tournament, international cricket matches, and the Formula One Australian Grand Prix. Viewing televised sport is popular; the highest-rating television programs include the summer Olympic Games and the grand finals of local and international football (various codes) competitions.
Chỉnh sửa lần cuối:
Hồ Thị Mỹ Hạnh
(hạnh seixxx)
New Member
Bệnh quá :|
Hoàng Thùy Linh
(Hoàng Thùy Linh)
New Member
mai có nghỉ tiếp ko nhờ :-?
Hồ Thị Mỹ Hạnh
(hạnh seixxx)
New Member
Hôm nay đi học vui thế =))
Hoàng Thùy Linh
(Hoàng Thùy Linh)
New Member
éo hiểu Thi Sử có được đặc cách như bọn địa ko nhờ T_T
Ps: tao kết ava của tao)
Ps: tao kết ava của tao
)
Chỉnh sửa lần cuối:
Nguyễn Minh Ý
(shining_italy)
New Member
con Linh này tự sướng ava kinh thế ))
@ anh Nam : 80 á=)) Nó đang học trung học mà =))
))@ anh Nam : 80 á=)) Nó đang học trung học mà =))
Phạm Xuân Nam
(superchicken)
New Member
@ ý:) a nhìn trông hơi dừ nên đoán thế)
) a nhìn trông hơi dừ nên đoán thế)
Nguyễn Minh Ý
(shining_italy)
New Member
hự , thế mà nỡ nói ngt 80 =))=))
Mà luv mình chả ai câu mỗi mình tao à:-w
Mà luv mình chả ai câu mỗi mình tao à:-w
Hồ Thị Mỹ Hạnh
(hạnh seixxx)
New Member
ĐM lớp còn 8 người học hành đ gì )
Hội 8ng làm quả đả đảo đòi nghỉ học đê)
Vs cả Đảng kill her chuẩn bị đại họi lần 1 nhé Chủ tịch đảng (tao) sắp xong cương lĩnh r =))
)Hội 8ng làm quả đả đảo đòi nghỉ học đê
)Vs cả Đảng kill her chuẩn bị đại họi lần 1 nhé
Chủ tịch đảng (tao) sắp xong cương lĩnh r =))
Trịnh Thu Thảo
(trịnh thu thảo)
New Member
11
06:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Sacred Geography
07:00 Naked Science: Birth Of The Universe
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Baja California
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Baja California
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Detectives: Fur Seals
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
19:00 ShowReal Asia III Kung Fu Killers
12
07:00 Naked Science:Explosive Force
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Cow Cuisine
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Cow Cuisine
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles #3
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
17:00 Predator CSI S1 Revenge of the Elephants? (G1 & G2)
18:00 Is it Real? Bermuda Triangle
20:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
22:00 Animals Like Us: Language
13
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Grill Critics
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Grill Critics
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen Ifà #9
17:00 Mega Thursday: Monster Moves: Dream Homes
19:00 Inside: Super Carrier
20:00 Mega Thursday: Big, Bigger, Biggest: Bridge
21:00 Mega Thursday: Monster Moves: 100 Ton Train
22:00 Mega Thursday: Big, Bigger, Biggest: Aircraft Carrier
14
06:00 Inside: Super Carrier
07:00 Naked Science: The Deep
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: New French Revolution
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: New French Revolution
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
15:00 Guardians of Nature - Spain
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles #4
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
20:00 History`s Secrets 2: Secrets of the Moon Landing
21:00 Guardians of Nature - Norway
15 SAT
07:00 Genius Of Photography #1
08:00 Situation Critical: Moscow Theatre Siege (G1&G2)
09:00 Ancient Megastructures: Chartres
10:00 Nat Geo Junior
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
11:00 Food Lovers : Hong Kong
11:30 Food Lovers : Southern Cookin` USA
14:00 Nat Geo Weekends: Mafia#4 The Godfathers
16:00 Nat Geo Presents: Inside Dubai: Miracle or Mirage
18:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
20:00 Guardians Of Nature: Turkey
22:00 Hollywood Science: Amazing Vehicles
16 SUN
10:00 Nat Geo Junior
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
11:00 History`s Secrets 2: Secrets of the Moon Landing
14:00 Rivers And Life: Amazon
17:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Sacred Geography
18:00 Somewhere In China: Silk Road
17
07:00 Naked Science: Birth Of The Earth
08:00 Food Lovers: Catch of The Day
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Catch of The Day
12:30 I Didn`t Know That S3-2
15:00 Naked Science: Birth Of The Earth
16:00 Nat Geo Junior:
16:30 Nat Geo Junior Mad Labs
17:00 Rivers And Life: Amazon
19:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Hunters Of The Northern Ice
21:00 Rivers And Life: Ganges
18
06:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Hunters Of The Northern Ice
08:00 Food Lovers: Hi Tech Taste
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Hi Tech Taste
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
14:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19
06:00 Fight Science
07:00 Naked Science: Death Of The Sun
08:00 Food Lovers: Taste of Chile
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Taste of Chile
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19:00 ShowReal Asia II
20:00 Animals Like Us: Politics
22:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
20
07:00 Naked Science: Landslides
08:00 Food Lovers: Italy
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Italy
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Detectives: Lions
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
21
07:00 Naked Science: Loch Ness
08:00 Food Lovers Fast Food
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Fast Food
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs #1
19:00 Stonehenge Rediscovered
20:00 History`s Secrets: The Last Days Of The Romanovs
21:00 National Geographic Channel HD Showcase: Guardians of Nature - Poland
22 SAT
06:00 Stonehenge Rediscovered
07:00 Genius Of Photography
18:00 Animals Like Us: Politics
20:00 Nat Geo Weekends: Mega Green Tech: Steam Drillers
23 SUN
10:00 Nat Geo Junior
10:30 Nat Geo Junior
17:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Hunters Of The Northern Ice
24
07:00 Naked Science: Moon Mysteries
08:00 Food Lovers : Sweet Tooth
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Sweet Tooth
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Science of The Mind
21:00 Rivers And Life: Mississippi
25
06:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Science of The Mind
07:00 Naked Science: Pyramids
08:00 Food Lovers : Making Scents
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Making Scents
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs #9
26
08:00 Food Lovers: Taste of Vietnam
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers: Taste of Vietnam
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
20:00 Animals Like Us: Adoption
22:00 Animals Like Us: Politics
27
08:00 Food Lovers : Cocktail Artists
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
09:00 Is It Real? King Arthur
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Cocktail Artists
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Sita Tiger
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
18:00 Is It Real? King Arthur
28
07:00 Naked Science: Birth Of America
08:00 Food Lovers : Food Magic
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Food Magic
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19:00 Secrets Of The First Emperor
29 SAT
06:00 Secrets Of The First Emperor
07:00 Genius of Photography
10:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
11:00 Food Lovers : Baja California
11:30 Food Lovers : New Zealand
14:00 Nat Geo Weekends: Mega Green Tech: Steam Drillers
18:00 Animals Like Us: Adoption
30 SUN
10:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
11:00 History`s Secrets: The Real Roswell Conspiracy
14:00 Rivers And Life: Mississippi
17:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Science of The Mind
18:00 Somewhere In China: Ice City
----------
UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
http://www.usyd.edu.au/fstudent/international/undergrad/apply/index.shtml
http://www.econ.usyd.edu.au/futurestudents/
http://www.usyd.edu.au/fstudent/international/undergrad/apply/dates.shtml
http://www.econ.usyd.edu.au/content.php/14202.html
06:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Sacred Geography
07:00 Naked Science: Birth Of The Universe
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Baja California
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Baja California
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Detectives: Fur Seals
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
19:00 ShowReal Asia III Kung Fu Killers
12
07:00 Naked Science:Explosive Force
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Cow Cuisine
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Cow Cuisine
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles #3
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
17:00 Predator CSI S1 Revenge of the Elephants? (G1 & G2)
18:00 Is it Real? Bermuda Triangle
20:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
22:00 Animals Like Us: Language
13
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Grill Critics
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Grill Critics
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen Ifà #9
17:00 Mega Thursday: Monster Moves: Dream Homes
19:00 Inside: Super Carrier
20:00 Mega Thursday: Big, Bigger, Biggest: Bridge
21:00 Mega Thursday: Monster Moves: 100 Ton Train
22:00 Mega Thursday: Big, Bigger, Biggest: Aircraft Carrier
14
06:00 Inside: Super Carrier
07:00 Naked Science: The Deep
08:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: New French Revolution
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: New French Revolution
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
15:00 Guardians of Nature - Spain
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles #4
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
20:00 History`s Secrets 2: Secrets of the Moon Landing
21:00 Guardians of Nature - Norway
15 SAT
07:00 Genius Of Photography #1
08:00 Situation Critical: Moscow Theatre Siege (G1&G2)
09:00 Ancient Megastructures: Chartres
10:00 Nat Geo Junior
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
11:00 Food Lovers : Hong Kong
11:30 Food Lovers : Southern Cookin` USA
14:00 Nat Geo Weekends: Mafia#4 The Godfathers
16:00 Nat Geo Presents: Inside Dubai: Miracle or Mirage
18:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
20:00 Guardians Of Nature: Turkey
22:00 Hollywood Science: Amazing Vehicles
16 SUN
10:00 Nat Geo Junior
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
11:00 History`s Secrets 2: Secrets of the Moon Landing
14:00 Rivers And Life: Amazon
17:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Sacred Geography
18:00 Somewhere In China: Silk Road
17
07:00 Naked Science: Birth Of The Earth
08:00 Food Lovers: Catch of The Day
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Catch of The Day
12:30 I Didn`t Know That S3-2
15:00 Naked Science: Birth Of The Earth
16:00 Nat Geo Junior:
16:30 Nat Geo Junior Mad Labs
17:00 Rivers And Life: Amazon
19:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Hunters Of The Northern Ice
21:00 Rivers And Life: Ganges
18
06:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Hunters Of The Northern Ice
08:00 Food Lovers: Hi Tech Taste
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Hi Tech Taste
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
14:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19
06:00 Fight Science
07:00 Naked Science: Death Of The Sun
08:00 Food Lovers: Taste of Chile
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Taste of Chile
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19:00 ShowReal Asia II
20:00 Animals Like Us: Politics
22:00 Animals Like Us: Medicine
20
07:00 Naked Science: Landslides
08:00 Food Lovers: Italy
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Italy
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Detectives: Lions
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
21
07:00 Naked Science: Loch Ness
08:00 Food Lovers Fast Food
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers Fast Food
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs #1
19:00 Stonehenge Rediscovered
20:00 History`s Secrets: The Last Days Of The Romanovs
21:00 National Geographic Channel HD Showcase: Guardians of Nature - Poland
22 SAT
06:00 Stonehenge Rediscovered
07:00 Genius Of Photography
18:00 Animals Like Us: Politics
20:00 Nat Geo Weekends: Mega Green Tech: Steam Drillers
23 SUN
10:00 Nat Geo Junior
10:30 Nat Geo Junior
17:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Hunters Of The Northern Ice
24
07:00 Naked Science: Moon Mysteries
08:00 Food Lovers : Sweet Tooth
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Sweet Tooth
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Science of The Mind
21:00 Rivers And Life: Mississippi
25
06:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Science of The Mind
07:00 Naked Science: Pyramids
08:00 Food Lovers : Making Scents
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Making Scents
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs #9
26
08:00 Food Lovers: Taste of Vietnam
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers: Taste of Vietnam
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
20:00 Animals Like Us: Adoption
22:00 Animals Like Us: Politics
27
08:00 Food Lovers : Cocktail Artists
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
09:00 Is It Real? King Arthur
12:00 Food Lovers Guide To the Planet: Cocktail Artists
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Sita Tiger
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
18:00 Is It Real? King Arthur
28
07:00 Naked Science: Birth Of America
08:00 Food Lovers : Food Magic
08:30 I Didn`t Know That
12:00 Food Lovers : Food Magic
12:30 I Didn`t Know That
16:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
16:30 Nat Geo Junior: Mad Labs
19:00 Secrets Of The First Emperor
29 SAT
06:00 Secrets Of The First Emperor
07:00 Genius of Photography
10:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
11:00 Food Lovers : Baja California
11:30 Food Lovers : New Zealand
14:00 Nat Geo Weekends: Mega Green Tech: Steam Drillers
18:00 Animals Like Us: Adoption
30 SUN
10:00 Nat Geo Junior: Wild Chronicles
10:30 Nat Geo Junior: What Would Happen
11:00 History`s Secrets: The Real Roswell Conspiracy
14:00 Rivers And Life: Mississippi
17:00 Light At The Edge Of The World: Science of The Mind
18:00 Somewhere In China: Ice City
----------
UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
http://www.usyd.edu.au/fstudent/international/undergrad/apply/index.shtml
http://www.econ.usyd.edu.au/futurestudents/
http://www.usyd.edu.au/fstudent/international/undergrad/apply/dates.shtml
http://www.econ.usyd.edu.au/content.php/14202.html
Chỉnh sửa lần cuối:
Hoàng Thùy Linh
(Hoàng Thùy Linh)
New Member
ĐM lớp còn 8 người học hành đ gì
Hội 8ng làm quả đả đảo đòi nghỉ học đê
Vs cả Đảng kill her chuẩn bị đại họi lần 1 nhé
tao đề nghị lập ra bộ ám sát nhá
@ con Ý: ava đẹp thì khen chứ sao :>
Trịnh Thu Thảo
(trịnh thu thảo)
New Member
I have been an NTL customer since 9th July 2001, when I signed up for
your 3-in-one deal for cable TV, cable modem, and telephone. During this
three-month period I have encountered inadequacy of service which I had
not previously considered possible, as well as ignorance and stupidity
of monolithic proportions. Please allow me to provide specific details,
so that you can either pursue your professional perogative, and seek to
rectify these difficulties - or more likely (I suspect) so that you can
have some entertaining reading material as you while away the working
day smoking B&H and drinking vendor-coffee on the bog in your office:
I've long been a user of your products/services and up until now have always regarded you are an excellent supplier/organization. I have every faith therefore that you will do what you can to rectify this situation."
Trinh Thu Thao
125 Nguyen Phuc Lai – Dong Da – Ha Noi
Tel: 096 820 6961
Mr. Tony Leung Email: [email protected]
Service Manager
Quan ngon Restaurant
12 Trang Tien – Hoan Kiem – Ha Noi
12 November 2008
Dear Mr. Leung,
I have long been a customer of your restaurant. Every time I eat out with my family, friends, customers or organize a party, I choose your restaurant because of the outstanding food and excellent services. I’m writing to you to inform you about some problems I have encountered in the past two months. Please allow me to provide specific details, so that we can come up with a solution in order to meet accomplishment.
Firstly,
I greatly appreciate your help
I look forward to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem
Otherwise, we may have to look elsewhere for our supplies
Could I please ask you to look into these matters - not only on my behalf but also on behalf of other attendees
your 3-in-one deal for cable TV, cable modem, and telephone. During this
three-month period I have encountered inadequacy of service which I had
not previously considered possible, as well as ignorance and stupidity
of monolithic proportions. Please allow me to provide specific details,
so that you can either pursue your professional perogative, and seek to
rectify these difficulties - or more likely (I suspect) so that you can
have some entertaining reading material as you while away the working
day smoking B&H and drinking vendor-coffee on the bog in your office:
I've long been a user of your products/services and up until now have always regarded you are an excellent supplier/organization. I have every faith therefore that you will do what you can to rectify this situation."
Trinh Thu Thao
125 Nguyen Phuc Lai – Dong Da – Ha Noi
Tel: 096 820 6961
Mr. Tony Leung Email: [email protected]
Service Manager
Quan ngon Restaurant
12 Trang Tien – Hoan Kiem – Ha Noi
12 November 2008
Dear Mr. Leung,
I have long been a customer of your restaurant. Every time I eat out with my family, friends, customers or organize a party, I choose your restaurant because of the outstanding food and excellent services. I’m writing to you to inform you about some problems I have encountered in the past two months. Please allow me to provide specific details, so that we can come up with a solution in order to meet accomplishment.
Firstly,
I greatly appreciate your help
I look forward to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem
Otherwise, we may have to look elsewhere for our supplies
Could I please ask you to look into these matters - not only on my behalf but also on behalf of other attendees
Chỉnh sửa lần cuối:
Hồ Thị Mỹ Hạnh
(hạnh seixxx)
New Member
Thế còn bộ Spy chắc cho thằng Thành làm chú tịch à )
)
Trịnh Thu Thảo
(trịnh thu thảo)
New Member
Trinh Thu Thao
Goodbye Seduction, Hello Coupons
As a result of the influences of the finance crisis, consumer behavior has greatly changed, which has led to a new trend in corporate marketing strategies.
During the depression in which everybody is significantly poorer, people are trading down, using cheaper brands and services and cutting back on quantities. Unnecessary goods are crossed out from their shopping lists in order for them to be able to pay for more major demands. The serious inflation forced the consumers to think more strategically. This tendency toward frugality is sweeping along even wealthy people.
This issue has led to different marketing plans. Corporations soon realized that the brands that would do well in this environment were low-priced ones. The first change was that many companies reduced the quality of their products to reduce the price.
Secondly, as the economy rapidly deteriorates, marketers are striving to remake their advertising so that products seem to be necessary and affordable rather than indulgent and glamorous. As a result, more and more commercials these days are filmed in not-to-fabulous-homes meant for middle-class and even blue-collar customers.
Another sign of the new trend is the free gifts customers get when they purchase a good or a service: instead of vacation or jewelry…, they are offered gifts that meet their basic needs such as supermarket discount card and long-term financial security such as insurance.
Many people expect this will not be permanent. It is hoped that there will be effective solutions to this global crisis as countries all around the world are reuniting to save the economy.
From New York Times – Business and finance
Goodbye Seduction, Hello Coupons
As a result of the influences of the finance crisis, consumer behavior has greatly changed, which has led to a new trend in corporate marketing strategies.
During the depression in which everybody is significantly poorer, people are trading down, using cheaper brands and services and cutting back on quantities. Unnecessary goods are crossed out from their shopping lists in order for them to be able to pay for more major demands. The serious inflation forced the consumers to think more strategically. This tendency toward frugality is sweeping along even wealthy people.
This issue has led to different marketing plans. Corporations soon realized that the brands that would do well in this environment were low-priced ones. The first change was that many companies reduced the quality of their products to reduce the price.
Secondly, as the economy rapidly deteriorates, marketers are striving to remake their advertising so that products seem to be necessary and affordable rather than indulgent and glamorous. As a result, more and more commercials these days are filmed in not-to-fabulous-homes meant for middle-class and even blue-collar customers.
Another sign of the new trend is the free gifts customers get when they purchase a good or a service: instead of vacation or jewelry…, they are offered gifts that meet their basic needs such as supermarket discount card and long-term financial security such as insurance.
Many people expect this will not be permanent. It is hoped that there will be effective solutions to this global crisis as countries all around the world are reuniting to save the economy.
From New York Times – Business and finance
Chỉnh sửa lần cuối:
Hồ Thị Mỹ Hạnh
(hạnh seixxx)
New Member
Chết thật ko biết ngày mai kế hoạch tác chiến thế nào chứ sau hnay dọn vệ sinh tao thấy sức khỏe giảm sút quá :-S
Trịnh Thu Thảo
(trịnh thu thảo)
New Member
Adelaide Graduate School of Business
All programs
Overall band score of 6.5
and
Band score of 6.0 in all bands Paper-based - total score of 573 with minimum of 4.5 in Test of Written English (TWE)
or
Computer-based - total score of 230 with minimum Essay rating of 4.5
or
Internet-based - total score of 90 with minimum of 20 in all bands
Vietnam Bang Tot Nghiep Trung
Hoc Pho Thong
Bachelor of commerce
Study Plans
The study plans given are examples of pathways through this degree. For a complete description, see the program rules.
For students commencing Level 1 in 2008:
Level I
Core courses
ECON 1004: Principles of Microeconomics I
ECON 1000: Principles of Macroeconomics I
ECON 1008: Business and Economic Statics I
ACCTING 1002: Accounting for Decision Makers I
Electives
Four Level I Electives*
Level II
(PLEASE NOTE: Course codes below are only applicable from 2009)
Core courses
MARKETNG_2500: Marketing II
MARKETNG_2501: Consumer Behaviour II
Two Commerce Level II courses
Electives
Four Level II Electives*
Level III
(PLEASE NOTE: Course codes below are only applicable from 2010)
Core courses
MARKETNG_3502: Market Research III
MARKETNG_3501: International Marketing III
MARKETNG_3500: Marketing Communications III
MARKETNG_3503: Marketing Strategy and Project
Electives
Four Level III electives*
Career Opportunities
The degree is designed to equip you for future business roles such as: market planner, sales manager, brand marketer, product and advertising manager, retail manager, public relations officer, advertising executive, service manager and market researcher.
Application Deadlines for 2009 Entry
1 December 2008
Intake Feb, Jul
$23000 AD
All programs
Overall band score of 6.5
and
Band score of 6.0 in all bands Paper-based - total score of 573 with minimum of 4.5 in Test of Written English (TWE)
or
Computer-based - total score of 230 with minimum Essay rating of 4.5
or
Internet-based - total score of 90 with minimum of 20 in all bands
Vietnam Bang Tot Nghiep Trung
Hoc Pho Thong
Bachelor of commerce
Study Plans
The study plans given are examples of pathways through this degree. For a complete description, see the program rules.
For students commencing Level 1 in 2008:
Level I
Core courses
ECON 1004: Principles of Microeconomics I
ECON 1000: Principles of Macroeconomics I
ECON 1008: Business and Economic Statics I
ACCTING 1002: Accounting for Decision Makers I
Electives
Four Level I Electives*
Level II
(PLEASE NOTE: Course codes below are only applicable from 2009)
Core courses
MARKETNG_2500: Marketing II
MARKETNG_2501: Consumer Behaviour II
Two Commerce Level II courses
Electives
Four Level II Electives*
Level III
(PLEASE NOTE: Course codes below are only applicable from 2010)
Core courses
MARKETNG_3502: Market Research III
MARKETNG_3501: International Marketing III
MARKETNG_3500: Marketing Communications III
MARKETNG_3503: Marketing Strategy and Project
Electives
Four Level III electives*
Career Opportunities
The degree is designed to equip you for future business roles such as: market planner, sales manager, brand marketer, product and advertising manager, retail manager, public relations officer, advertising executive, service manager and market researcher.
Application Deadlines for 2009 Entry
1 December 2008
Intake Feb, Jul
$23000 AD
Hoàng Thùy Linh
(Hoàng Thùy Linh)
New Member
khỏ thân con chim, chém một mình T_T
dạo này tao bỏ hửn thói quen check pic lớp mình roài)
dạo này tao bỏ hửn thói quen check pic lớp mình roài
)